Astronaut

U.S. Space Shuttle astronaut Bruce McCandless II using a manned maneuvering unit (MMU) outside the Challenger in 1984. Picture courtesy NASA

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    航天员，意思是“太空航行者”，指到太空旅行的人，或以此为职业的人。确定的标准以谁完成人类宇宙飞行而变化。在美国，以旅行高度超过海拔80公里（50英里）的人被称为宇航员（astronaut）。国际航空联合会（FAI）定义的宇宙飞行则需超过100公里。到2004年4月18日为止，按照美国的定义共计440人，在太空里度过了一共27,082个全体乘员天（crew-day，美国的定义），在太空中散步共享了98个全体乘员天。在国际航空联合会的定义下，只有434人符合资格。进入太空的宇航员来自至少32个国家。在香港及东南亚，航天员亦称太空人。

    An astronaut, cosmonaut (космонавт), spationaut or taikonaut (taikongren, 太空人) is a person who travels into space, or who makes a career of doing so. The criteria for determining who has achieved human spaceflight vary (see edge of space). In the United States, people who travel above an altitude of 50 miles (approximately 80 kilometers) are designated as astronauts. The FAI defines spaceflight as over 100 km (approximately 62 miles). As of October 12, 2005, a total of 448 humans have reached space according to the U.S. definition, 442 people qualify under the FAI definition, while 438 people have reached Earth orbit or beyond. These individuals have spent over 28,000 crew-days (or a cumulative total of 76.7 years) in space including over 100 crew-days of spacewalks. A person who has traveled in space is said to hold astronaut wings. Astronauts from at least 34 countries have gone into space.